Generalized Grimm's Law versus Precision

Grimm's Law documents certain technical points of language evolution. It notes a general softening of consonants and a general blurring of distinctions over time. Latin 'pater' becomes English 'father'. The formerly different consonants 'bh' and 'b' become the same consonant 'b'. I speculate that some sort of generalized Grimm's law applies to many aspects of language and thinking, particularly technical language. I've noticed, over time, a general softening of edges and blurrings of distinctions. Here are some examples:

“Lie” and “lay.” People used to care about the difference. “I lie down on the couch” meant now, “I lay down on the couch” meant some time in the past, and “I lie the book on the table” was unsayable. I don't think anyone cares about the difference any more.

The short 'e' and the short 'a' are merging. Very young people, especially, pronounce “friends” as “frands” and “help” as “halp”, for instance. Even television talking heads are not careful about the distinction. Next time someone on the phone asks if you have a “pen” handy, you might reply with a question: “cast-iron or aluminum with teflon?”

“It's” and “Its” used to be different. My mnemonic was “It's lost its apostrophe.” However, even in very formal writing, I see “it's” used for the possessive, something that used to be a single-point of failure in a school essay. If you wrote “... format it's hard drive ...” you'd get an “F” on your paper, no matter what else was in it.

Singular and plural used to be different. “Every user opens their inbox” was a train wreck, “user” being singular and “their” being plural. Hypersensitivity to sexism, however, has forced a blurring of this distinction, since no one wants to write “Every user opens his inbox“ -- that's annoying, “Every user opens his or her inbox” -- that's awkward, or “Every user opens her inbox” -- that's distracting. I don't know why no one notices that “Every user opens the inbox” would avoid the train wreck.

“Which” and “that” used to be different. One used to require a comma before “which”. The following two sentences used to have slightly different shades of meaning: “The book, which is on the table, is mine” and “The book that is on the table is mine.” The first sentance simply noted a peripheral fact about the book -- the fact that it's on the table. The second sentence noted a critical distinction between the book on the table and every other book. “The book which is on the table is mine“ would get you an “F“ on your school essay. No one cares about this distinction any more.

Hyphens used to be important. A “first-class object” made it clear that the object was first-class, whereas a “first class object” blurs the distinction with the very first object of a class. Used to be “first class object” would get you an “F” on your paper, but no one seems to notice the blurring of distinctions afforded by forgetting the hyphen.

I could go on, but suffice it to say that the overall, slow-but-steady blurring of distinctions over time results in a kind of global loss of precision in language. I think it's an entropic effect. Nevertheless, the loss of precision means that we tend to need more words to make our point. Papers get longer AND less precise. So, here's the value judgment: I don't think this is a great trend. I think careful thinkers -- those concerned with hygiene of thought -- will notice these trends and try to swim upstream against the driving current of entropy.

Published Tuesday, February 17, 2004 11:59 AM by brianbec

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Comments

# re: Generalized Grimm's Law versus Precision@ Tuesday, February 17, 2004 5:07 PM

Woe is me.

AndrewSeven

# re: Generalized Grimm's Law versus Precision@ Tuesday, February 17, 2004 7:49 PM

The notion that Grim's Law, or any simplification of a language for that matter, is a bad thing would be very arguable.

I came across linguistics web site a few years ago while searching for grammar rules. The site had a variety of useful resources ranging from grammer rules explained to theory on language divergence and the relationship to human evolution (more specifically, technical, cultural, and industrial evolution).

I really wish I could find that sire again. Lacking a link though, I can only attempt to convey what the point of one of the pieces was. It dealt with how much more precise old languages were compared to modern languages, English being one of the most imprecise of the languages.

His theory was that as technology, culture, and civilization becomes more complex and harder to describe, languages begin to become more versitile and less precise, relying more on context than on exact meanings of specific words or well defined lexical rules.

The result is that more modern languages, though less precise, often convey deeper levels of meaning based on context than is possible with stricter languages. One of the most striking examples was in how difficult satire and parody are in latin, greek, or Egyptian compared to modern English. The imprecision of English makes it much easier to convey double meanings or to shed more specific meaning by rearranging the sentance structure slightly. How we construct our sentance, seeing that we have many more options due to a slack lexical structure, can convey whole different shades of meaning that are very difficult in languages with tigher rules.

It was an interesting concept. If I find the link I'll post it up for you.

redd

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