License-Plate Factoring: a New Little Trick

I've blogged in the past about the little road-trip game of factoring license-plate numbers in one's head (see my archives). The primary tools are divisibility tests for the primes from 1 to 31. There are easy, schoolgirl tests for 2, 3, 5, and 11 base 10, 7 is not hard to just do, but 13, 17, 19, 21, 23, 29, and 31 are tougher. This last weekend, my wife came up with the following little NON-divisibility twist. Because these tougher primes divide NONE of the three-digit multiples of 100, we have the fact that if any of them divide the last two digits of a 3-digit number, then the number itself is NOT divisible by that prime. This is a consequence of the fact that if x divides (a+b), then x must divide a and b separately. So, for instance, since 51 = 3*17, we immediately know that 17 divides NONE of 151, 251, 351, ..., 951. Neat, huh? Definitely useful. She was kicking my butt at the game till I persuaded her to share her little secret.

Published Monday, October 25, 2004 1:29 PM by brianbec

Comments

# re: License-Plate Factoring: a New Little Trick@ Monday, October 25, 2004 11:31 PM

cool trick! it does need one slight qualification. x can divide (a + b) without dividing either a or b. For instance, x = 5, a = 16, b = 4. However, it does hold true that if x divides (a + b) and x divides either a or b, that it must divide both a AND b.

robin curry

# re: License-Plate Factoring: a New Little Trick@ Tuesday, October 26, 2004 12:33 PM

oops, yes, of course, that's what I meant to say :) Thanks, Robin.

brianbec

# re: License-Plate Factoring: a New Little Trick@ Monday, November 01, 2004 11:24 AM

Why limit yourself to multiples of 100? Just add/subtract until you have a multiple of 10. If your current prime doesn't divide the number formed by the first two digits, it is not a factor. Example: 13 does not divide 563 (550+13), but does divide 611 (650-39), so 611 = 13x(50-3).

Jeffrey Sax

# re: License-Plate Factoring: a New Little Trick@ Monday, November 01, 2004 5:06 PM

Another nice one, Jeffrey.

brianbec

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